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| The history of his bed is obscure but by scouring the Raynham Hall household accounts and searching for stylistic and archaeological evidence it has been possible to map out the following provenance. Examination of the extensive and detailed household accounts and documents revealed no evidence beyond supposition that could be used, although there is much evidence related to beds between 1708 and 1777, but none actually mentioning the bed in question. However, stylistic evidence played an important part in the research and through detailed searches it has been possible to piece together a credible history of the bed with strong pointers as to its origin. Although there are many state beds from the periods 1700-1720 and 1750-1800, there are few datable examples from the 1730s and 1740s, and the Raynham bed shares few features with the earlier beds. The closest, stylistically, is one at Leeds Castle, Kent which has the same cabriole finials at its feet, similar valance arms and the headboard must have originally had very similar 'organ pipes' (the central three headposts). Unfortunately there is no documentary evidence dating the Leeds bed exactly, but dates prior to 1720 have been suggested which run contrary to a Heals trade card for upholsterer William Tomkins which put the date after 1740. Modern furniture refers to furniture produced from the late 19th century through the present that is influenced by modernism. It was a tremendous departure from all furniture design that had gone before it. Dark or gilded carved wood and richly patterned fabrics gave way to the glittering simplicity and geometry of polished metal. The forms of furniture evolved from visually heavy to visually light. Prior to the modernist design movement there was an emphasis on furniture as ornament, the length of time a piece took to create was often a measure of its value and desirability. During the first half of the 20th Century a new philosophy emerged shifting the emphasis to function and accessibility. Western design generally, whether architectural or design of furniture had for millennia sought to convey an idea of lineage, a connection with tradition and history. The modern movement sought newness, originality, technical innovation, and ultimately the message that it conveyed spoke of the present and the future, rather than of what had gone before it. Modernist design seems to have evolved out of a combination of influences: Technically innovative materials and manufacturing methods, the new philosophies that emerged from the Werkbund and the Bauhaus School, from exotic foreign influences, from Art Nouveau and from the tremendous creativity of the artists and designers of that era. |